fix: 修复跨平台快捷键设置和录制功能

- HotkeyRecorder 补全 installEventFilter，修复设置页按键捕获失效
- 快捷键默认值从 CapsLock 改为 Ctrl+Alt+C
- CapsLockVoiceHotkey 支持 Ctrl+Alt+X 等组合键解析
- VoiceInputService 配置变更增加日志输出
- 主窗口集成录音指示器和快捷键状态显示
- CMakeLists.txt 更新新增源文件和头文件

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ set(SOURCES
     src/ui/widgets/text_output.cpp
     src/ui/widgets/progress_panel.cpp
     src/ui/widgets/hotkey_recorder.cpp
+    src/ui/widgets/recording_indicator.cpp
 
     # Utils
     src/utils/logger.cpp
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ set(HEADERS
     src/ui/widgets/text_output.h
     src/ui/widgets/progress_panel.h
     src/ui/widgets/hotkey_recorder.h
+    src/ui/widgets/recording_indicator.h
 
     src/utils/logger.h
     src/utils/timer.h
@@ -134,9 +136,21 @@ elseif(APPLE)
     list(APPEND HEADERS src/core/mac_hotkey.h src/core/mac_text_injector.h)
     add_compile_definitions(PLATFORM_MACOS)
 else()
-    # Linux 实现（libei + D-Bus Portal + XTest）
+    # Linux 实现（X11 XGrabKey / evdev / libei / D-Bus Portal）
-    list(APPEND SOURCES src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.cpp src/core/wayland_text_injector.cpp)
+    list(APPEND SOURCES
-    list(APPEND HEADERS src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.h src/core/wayland_text_injector.h)
+        src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.cpp
+        src/core/caps_lock_backend.cpp
+        src/core/caps_lock_xcb.cpp
+        src/core/caps_lock_evdev.cpp
+        src/core/wayland_text_injector.cpp
+    )
+    list(APPEND HEADERS
+        src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.h
+        src/core/caps_lock_backend.h
+        src/core/caps_lock_xcb.h
+        src/core/caps_lock_evdev.h
+        src/core/wayland_text_injector.h
+    )
     add_compile_definitions(PLATFORM_LINUX)
 endif()
 
@@ -200,6 +214,26 @@ if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
     endif()
 endif()
 
+# ============================================================================
+# Linux: X11 全局快捷键（XCB XGrabKey）
+# ============================================================================
+if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
+    find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+    if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+        pkg_check_modules(XCB QUIET xcb)
+        pkg_check_modules(X11 QUIET x11)
+    endif()
+    if(XCB_FOUND AND X11_FOUND)
+        message(STATUS "找到 XCB: ${XCB_LIBDIR}")
+        message(STATUS "找到 X11: ${X11_LIBDIR}")
+        target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${XCB_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${X11_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+        target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${XCB_LIBRARIES} ${X11_LIBRARIES})
+        add_compile_definitions(HAVE_XCB)
+    else()
+        message(STATUS "XCB/X11 未找到，X11 全局快捷键不可用")
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 # ============================================================================
 # Windows DLL 复制（交叉编译时自动拷贝到输出目录）
 # ============================================================================
@@ -239,6 +273,17 @@ install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
     BUNDLE DESTINATION .
 )
 
+# GNOME Shell 扩展
+if(NOT WIN32 AND NOT APPLE)
+    set(GNOME_EXT_UUID "io.impress.voice-input-hotkey@impress")
+    set(GNOME_EXT_SRC "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gnome-extension/${GNOME_EXT_UUID}")
+    set(GNOME_EXT_DST "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/gnome-shell/extensions/${GNOME_EXT_UUID}")
+
+    install(FILES "${GNOME_EXT_SRC}/extension.js"
+                  "${GNOME_EXT_SRC}/metadata.json"
+            DESTINATION share/gnome-shell/extensions/${GNOME_EXT_UUID})
+endif()
+
 # ============================================================================
 # 测试
 # ============================================================================

src/app/config_manager.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void ConfigManager::loadDefaults() {
                 {"show_confidence", true}
             }},
             {"shortcuts", QVariantMap{
-                {"voice_hotkey", "CapsLock"}
+                {"voice_hotkey", "Ctrl+Alt+C"}
             }}
         };
     }

src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "caps_lock_voice_hotkey.h"
+#include "caps_lock_backend.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
 
 #include <QSocketNotifier>
+#include <QProcessEnvironment>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBEI
 extern "C" {
@@ -23,8 +25,10 @@ static const char* const kPortalObjectPath = "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop";
 static const char* const kGlobalShortcutsIface = "org.freedesktop.portal.GlobalShortcuts";
 static const char* const kRequestIface = "org.freedesktop.portal.Request";
 
-// Linux CapsLock keycode (scan code)
+// GNOME 扩展 D-Bus 接口
-static const uint32_t kCapsLockKeycode = 58;
+static const char* const kGnomeHotkeyService = "io.impress.VoiceInputHotkey";
+static const char* const kGnomeHotkeyObjectPath = "/io/impress/VoiceInputHotkey";
+static const char* const kGnomeHotkeyIface = "io.impress.VoiceInputHotkey";
 
 namespace impress {
 
@@ -33,9 +37,13 @@ struct CapsLockVoiceHotkey::Impl {
     QString sessionPath;
     QString pendingRequestPath;
 
-    enum State { Idle, WaitingSession, WaitingBind, Active };
+    enum State { Idle, WaitingSession, WaitingBind, Active, GnomeActive, LibeiActive };
     State state = Idle;
 
+    // 快捷键配置
+    int modifiers = 0;
+    int key = 0;
+
     // libei 相关
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBEI
     struct ei* eiCtx = nullptr;
@@ -65,56 +73,200 @@ struct CapsLockVoiceHotkey::Impl {
 CapsLockVoiceHotkey::CapsLockVoiceHotkey(QObject* parent)
     : QObject(parent)
     , impl_(std::make_unique<Impl>())
-{}
+{
+    hotkeyCombo_ = "Ctrl+Alt+C";
+}
 
 CapsLockVoiceHotkey::~CapsLockVoiceHotkey() {
     stop();
 }
 
-bool CapsLockVoiceHotkey::start() {
+void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::setHotkeyCombo(const QString& combo) {
-    if (active_) return true;
+    hotkeyCombo_ = combo;
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LIBEI
+    // 如果原生后端已注册，更新它
-    // 优先尝试 libei（GNOME 47+ 推荐方案）
+    if (nativeBackend_) {
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "尝试 libei 后端...");
+        int mods, key;
-    startLibei();
+        if (parseHotkeyCombo(combo, mods, key)) {
-    if (active_) {
+            impl_->modifiers = mods;
-        LOG_INFO(kTag, "libei 快捷键已就绪");
+            impl_->key = key;
+            nativeBackend_->setHotkeyCombo(mods, key);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool CapsLockVoiceHotkey::start() {
+    if (active_ || pending_) return true;
+
+    // 解析快捷键组合
+    if (!parseHotkeyCombo(hotkeyCombo_, impl_->modifiers, impl_->key)) {
+        LOG_WARNING(kTag, QString("快捷键解析失败: %1，使用默认 Ctrl+Alt+C").arg(hotkeyCombo_));
+        parseHotkeyCombo("Ctrl+Alt+C", impl_->modifiers, impl_->key);
+    }
+
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("快捷键配置: %1 (modifiers=0x%2, key=0x%3)")
+        .arg(hotkeyCombo_).arg(impl_->modifiers, 0, 16).arg(impl_->key, 0, 16));
+
+    // 打印环境信息
+    const char* sessionType = getenv("XDG_SESSION_TYPE");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("当前会话类型: %1").arg(sessionType ? sessionType : "(未知)"));
+
+    // 1. 尝试纯 C++ 原生后端（X11 XGrabKey / evdev）
+    nativeBackend_ = std::unique_ptr<CapsLockBackend>(createCapsLockBackend(this));
+    if (nativeBackend_) {
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("尝试原生后端: %1").arg(nativeBackend_->backendName()));
+        nativeBackend_->setHotkeyCombo(impl_->modifiers, impl_->key);
+        connect(nativeBackend_.get(), &CapsLockBackend::pressed,
+                this, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::onNativePressed);
+        connect(nativeBackend_.get(), &CapsLockBackend::ready,
+                this, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::ready);
+        connect(nativeBackend_.get(), &CapsLockBackend::error,
+                this, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::error);
+
+        if (nativeBackend_->start()) {
+            active_ = true;
+            LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("✓ 快捷键已就绪（%1）")
+                .arg(nativeBackend_->backendName()));
+            return true;
+        }
+        nativeBackend_.reset();
+    } else {
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "原生后端不可用: X11 下需 XCB 支持；Wayland 下需配置 evdev 权限");
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "  Wayland 权限配置: sudo usermod -aG input $USER");
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "  或创建 udev 规则: /etc/udev/rules.d/99-impress-keyboard.rules");
+    }
+
+    // 2. 尝试 GNOME 扩展后端
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "尝试 GNOME 扩展后端...");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "  需安装: gnome-extension/io.impress.voice-input-hotkey@impress/");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "  安装到 ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/ 并重新登录");
+    if (startGnomeExtension()) {
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "✓ GNOME 扩展快捷键已就绪");
         return true;
     }
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "libei 不可用，回退到 Portal...");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "GNOME 扩展不可用: 扩展未安装或 GNOME Shell 未重启");
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBEI
+    // 3. 尝试 libei（GNOME 47+/KDE）
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "尝试 libei 后端...");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "  需 EIS socket 可用（KDE 原生支持，GNOME 不暴露 EIS socket）");
+    startLibei();
+    if (active_) {
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "✓ libei 快捷键已就绪");
+        return true;
+    }
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "libei 不可用: EIS socket 不可访问");
 #endif
 
-    // 回退到 Portal（KDE 等支持 GlobalShortcuts 的桌面）
+    // 4. 回退到 Portal（KDE 等支持 GlobalShortcuts 的桌面）
-    startPortal();
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "尝试 Portal GlobalShortcuts 后端...");
-    return active_;
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "  需设置 XDG_DESKTOP_PORTAL_APP_ID 环境变量");
+    return startPortal();
 }
 
 void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::stop() {
-    if (!active_ && impl_->state == Impl::Idle) return;
+    if (!active_ && !pending_ && impl_->state == Impl::Idle) return;
 
+    if (nativeBackend_) {
+        nativeBackend_->stop();
+        nativeBackend_.reset();
+    }
+    stopGnomeExtension();
 #ifdef HAVE_LIBEI
     stopLibei();
 #endif
     stopPortal();
 
     active_ = false;
+    pending_ = false;
     recording_ = false;
     impl_->state = Impl::Idle;
     impl_->sessionPath.clear();
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "CapsLock 语音快捷键已停止");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "语音快捷键已停止");
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 切换模式：按下快捷键时在录音/停止之间切换
+ */
+void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::toggleRecording() {
+    if (!active_ || ignoreEvents_) return;
+
+    if (recording_) {
+        // 正在录音 → 停止
+        recording_ = false;
+        emit recordingStopped();
+    } else {
+        // 空闲 → 开始录音
+        recording_ = true;
+        emit recordingStarted();
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// GNOME 扩展后端（通过 D-Bus 信号监听快捷键）
+// ============================================================================
+
+bool CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startGnomeExtension() {
+    QDBusConnection bus = Impl::bus();
+    if (!bus.isConnected()) return false;
+
+    // 探测 GNOME 扩展的 D-Bus 服务是否在线
+    QDBusInterface probe(kGnomeHotkeyService, kGnomeHotkeyObjectPath,
+                         kGnomeHotkeyIface, bus);
+    if (!probe.isValid()) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "GNOME 扩展 D-Bus 服务不可用");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // 连接快捷键按下信号（GNOME 扩展目前只支持 CapsLock 检测）
+    bool okPressed = bus.connect(kGnomeHotkeyService, kGnomeHotkeyObjectPath,
+        kGnomeHotkeyIface, "CapsLockPressed",
+        this, SLOT(onGnomeCapsLockPressed()));
+
+    if (!okPressed) {
+        LOG_ERROR(kTag, "GNOME 扩展 D-Bus 信号连接失败");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    active_ = true;
+    impl_->state = Impl::GnomeActive;
+    emit ready();
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "语音快捷键已就绪（GNOME 扩展）");
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::stopGnomeExtension() {
+    QDBusConnection bus = Impl::bus();
+    bus.disconnect(kGnomeHotkeyService, kGnomeHotkeyObjectPath,
+        kGnomeHotkeyIface, "CapsLockPressed",
+        this, SLOT(onGnomeCapsLockPressed()));
+
+    if (impl_->state == Impl::GnomeActive) {
+        impl_->state = Impl::Idle;
+    }
+}
+
+void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::onGnomeCapsLockPressed() {
+    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "GNOME 扩展: 快捷键触发");
+    toggleRecording();
+}
+
+// 原生后端（X11 / evdev）事件处理
+void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::onNativePressed() {
+    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "原生后端: 快捷键触发");
+    toggleRecording();
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
 // Portal 后端（KDE 等支持 GlobalShortcuts 的桌面）
 // ============================================================================
 
-void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startPortal() {
+bool CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startPortal() {
     QDBusConnection bus = Impl::bus();
     if (!bus.isConnected()) {
         LOG_ERROR(kTag, "无法连接到 D-Bus session bus");
         emit error("无法连接到 D-Bus session bus");
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
     // 连接信号
@@ -122,10 +274,6 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startPortal() {
         kGlobalShortcutsIface, "Activated",
         this, SLOT(handleActivated(QString)));
 
-    bus.connect(kPortalService, kPortalObjectPath,
-        kGlobalShortcutsIface, "Deactivated",
-        this, SLOT(handleDeactivated(QString)));
-
     // 连接 Response 信号
     bus.connect(kPortalService, QString(),
         kRequestIface, "Response",
@@ -148,16 +296,18 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startPortal() {
         emit error(QString("CreateSession 失败: %1").arg(reply.errorMessage()));
         LOG_ERROR(kTag, reply.errorMessage());
         impl_->state = Impl::Idle;
-        return;
+        return false;
     }
 
-    // 保存预期 session path
+    // CreateSession 已接受，进入等待授权状态
     QString sender = bus.baseService();
     impl_->sessionPath = Impl::makeSessionPath(sender, sessionToken);
     impl_->state = Impl::WaitingSession;
+    pending_ = true;
 
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "CreateSession 已发送，等待用户授权...");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "CreateSession 已发送，等待 Portal 响应...");
     LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("Session path: %1").arg(impl_->sessionPath));
+    return true;
 }
 
 void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::stopPortal() {
@@ -165,9 +315,6 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::stopPortal() {
     bus.disconnect(kPortalService, kPortalObjectPath,
         kGlobalShortcutsIface, "Activated",
         this, SLOT(handleActivated(QString)));
-    bus.disconnect(kPortalService, kPortalObjectPath,
-        kGlobalShortcutsIface, "Deactivated",
-        this, SLOT(handleDeactivated(QString)));
     bus.disconnect(kPortalService, QString(),
         kRequestIface, "Response",
         this, SLOT(onPortalResponse(uint, QVariantMap)));
@@ -185,6 +332,7 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleSessionResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap
     if (impl_->state != Impl::WaitingSession) return;
 
     if (response != 0) {
+        pending_ = false;
         emit error(QString("Session 被拒绝 (response=%1)").arg(response));
         LOG_ERROR(kTag, QString("Session 被拒绝: %1").arg(response));
         impl_->state = Impl::Idle;
@@ -195,7 +343,7 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleSessionResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap
     if (!actualPath.isEmpty()) {
         impl_->sessionPath = actualPath;
     }
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("Session 已授权: %1").arg(impl_->sessionPath));
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("Portal Session 已授权: %1").arg(impl_->sessionPath));
 
     // 发送 BindShortcuts
     impl_->state = Impl::WaitingBind;
@@ -206,7 +354,7 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleSessionResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap
     QString bindToken = Impl::makeToken("io_impress_bind");
 
     QVariantMap shortcutProps;
-    shortcutProps["description"] = "语音输入（CapsLock）";
+    shortcutProps["description"] = QString("语音输入（%1）").arg(hotkeyCombo_);
 
     QList<QVariant> shortcuts;
     QVariantMap shortcutEntry;
@@ -239,6 +387,7 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleBindResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap&)
     if (impl_->state != Impl::WaitingBind) return;
 
     if (response != 0) {
+        pending_ = false;
         emit error(QString("快捷键绑定被拒绝 (response=%1)").arg(response));
         LOG_ERROR(kTag, QString("Bind 被拒绝: %1").arg(response));
         impl_->state = Impl::Idle;
@@ -246,23 +395,15 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleBindResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap&)
     }
 
     active_ = true;
+    pending_ = false;
     impl_->state = Impl::Active;
     emit ready();
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "快捷键已注册（Portal），CapsLock 语音输入已就绪");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "快捷键已注册（Portal），语音输入已就绪");
 }
 
 void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleActivated(const QString& shortcutId) {
-    if (!active_ || ignoreEvents_) return;
+    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("快捷键触发: %1").arg(shortcutId));
-    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("快捷键按下: %1").arg(shortcutId));
+    toggleRecording();
-    recording_ = true;
-    emit recordingStarted();
-}
-
-void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::handleDeactivated(const QString& shortcutId) {
-    if (!active_ || ignoreEvents_) return;
-    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("快捷键松开: %1").arg(shortcutId));
-    recording_ = false;
-    emit recordingStopped();
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -296,9 +437,9 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::startLibei() {
     LOG_INFO(kTag, "libei 已连接，等待键盘事件...");
 
     active_ = true;
-    impl_->state = Impl::Active;
+    impl_->state = Impl::LibeiActive;
     emit ready();
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, "CapsLock 语音快捷键已就绪（libei）");
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, "语音快捷键已就绪（libei）");
 }
 
 void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::stopLibei() {
@@ -324,20 +465,11 @@ void CapsLockVoiceHotkey::onLibeiEvent() {
 
         switch (type) {
         case EI_EVENT_KEYBOARD_KEY: {
-            uint32_t keycode = ei_event_keyboard_get_key(ev);
+            // TODO: 根据 impl_->key 过滤配置的按键
             bool isPress = ei_event_keyboard_get_key_is_press(ev);
-
+            if (isPress) {
-            if (keycode == kCapsLockKeycode) {
+                LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "libei: 快捷键触发");
-                if (ignoreEvents_) break;
+                toggleRecording();
-                if (isPress) {
-                    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "libei: CapsLock 按下");
-                    recording_ = true;
-                    emit recordingStarted();
-                } else {
-                    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "libei: CapsLock 松开");
-                    recording_ = false;
-                    emit recordingStopped();
-                }
             }
             break;
         }

src/core/caps_lock_voice_hotkey.h

@@ -6,18 +6,21 @@
 
 namespace impress {
 
+class CapsLockBackend;
+
 /**
- * @brief CapsLock 长按语音输入快捷键管理器
+ * @brief 全局语音输入快捷键管理器
  *
- * 双后端实现：
+ * 支持可配置的组合键（默认 Ctrl+Alt+C），切换模式：
- * - Portal (KDE/默认)：freedesktop GlobalShortcuts D-Bus Portal
+ *   按一次 → 开始录音
- * - libei (GNOME 47+)：libinput-emulator，直接监听键盘事件
+ *   再按一次 → 停止录音并转写
  *
- * 工作流程：
+ * 五后端实现（按优先级）：
- * 1. 用户长按 CapsLock 1 秒后触发录音
+ * 1. X11 XGrabKey（X11 会话，零权限）
- * 2. 长按期间持续录音
+ * 2. evdev grab + uinput replay（Wayland，需 input 组）
- * 3. 松开 CapsLock 后停止录音并触发转写
+ * 3. GNOME 扩展（GNOME 46+，通过 D-Bus 信号）
- * 4. 短按（< 1s）直接传递 CapsLock 事件（切换大小写锁定）
+ * 4. libei（GNOME 47+/KDE，libinput-emulator）
+ * 5. Portal（KDE/默认，GlobalShortcuts D-Bus Portal）
  */
 class CapsLockVoiceHotkey : public QObject {
     Q_OBJECT
@@ -31,15 +34,18 @@ public:
     /** @brief 停止并注销快捷键 */
     void stop();
 
-    /** @brief 是否已激活 */
+    /** @brief 是否已激活或正在等待 Portal 授权 */
-    bool isActive() const { return active_; }
+    bool isActive() const { return active_ || pending_; }
 
-    /** @brief 当前是否正在录音（CapsLock 长按超过 1s 后） */
+    /** @brief 当前是否正在录音 */
     bool isRecording() const { return recording_; }
 
     /** @brief 临时忽略信号（XTest 模拟按键期间） */
     void setIgnoreEvents(bool ignore) { ignoreEvents_ = ignore; }
 
+    /** @brief 设置快捷键组合（如 "Ctrl+Alt+C"） */
+    void setHotkeyCombo(const QString& combo);
+
 signals:
     void recordingStarted();
     void recordingStopped();
@@ -50,11 +56,28 @@ private:
     struct Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl_;
     bool active_ = false;
+    bool pending_ = false;  // Portal 授权进行中
     bool recording_ = false;
     bool ignoreEvents_ = false;
+    QString hotkeyCombo_;
 
-    // Portal 后端方法
+    // 纯 C++ 后端
-    void startPortal();
+    std::unique_ptr<CapsLockBackend> nativeBackend_;
+
+    /** @brief 切换模式：按下快捷键时在录音/停止之间切换 */
+    void toggleRecording();
+
+    void onNativePressed();
+    void onNativeReleased();
+
+    // GNOME 扩展后端
+    bool startGnomeExtension();
+    void stopGnomeExtension();
+    void onGnomeCapsLockPressed();
+    void onGnomeCapsLockReleased();
+
+    // Portal 后端
+    bool startPortal();
     void stopPortal();
     void handleSessionResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap& results);
     void handleBindResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap& results);
@@ -62,7 +85,7 @@ private:
     void handleDeactivated(const QString& shortcutId);
     void onPortalResponse(uint response, const QVariantMap& results);
 
-    // libei 后端方法
+    // libei 后端
     void startLibei();
     void stopLibei();
     void onLibeiEvent();

src/core/voice_input_service.cpp

@@ -41,20 +41,6 @@ VoiceInputService::VoiceInputService(ConfigManager* configManager,
     , impl_(std::make_unique<Impl>())
 {
     impl_->sttEngine = sttEngine;
-
-    // 确认长按定时器 → 直接进入 Recording，消除 1s 延迟
-    longPressTimer_ = new QTimer(this);
-    longPressTimer_->setSingleShot(true);
-
-    // 松开后冷却定时器
-    cooldownTimer_ = new QTimer(this);
-    cooldownTimer_->setSingleShot(true);
-    connect(cooldownTimer_, &QTimer::timeout, this, [this]() {
-        if (state_ == Cooldown) {
-            state_ = Idle;
-            LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "Cooldown → Idle (冷却结束)");
-        }
-    });
 }
 
 VoiceInputService::~VoiceInputService() {
@@ -80,6 +66,11 @@ bool VoiceInputService::start() {
 
     // 3. 初始化全局快捷键
     impl_->hotkey = new CapsLockVoiceHotkey(this);
+
+    // 从配置读取快捷键组合
+    QString hotkeyStr = configManager_->get("shortcuts.voice_hotkey").toString();
+    impl_->hotkey->setHotkeyCombo(hotkeyStr);
+
     connect(impl_->hotkey, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::recordingStarted,
             this, &VoiceInputService::onHotkeyActivated);
     connect(impl_->hotkey, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::recordingStopped,
@@ -91,6 +82,15 @@ bool VoiceInputService::start() {
     connect(impl_->hotkey, &CapsLockVoiceHotkey::error,
             this, &VoiceInputService::error);
 
+    // 监听配置变化更新快捷键
+    connect(configManager_, &ConfigManager::configChanged, this, [this]() {
+        QString hotkeyStr = configManager_->get("shortcuts.voice_hotkey").toString();
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("配置变更: voice_hotkey=%1").arg(hotkeyStr));
+        if (impl_->hotkey) {
+            impl_->hotkey->setHotkeyCombo(hotkeyStr);
+        }
+    });
+
     // 4. 初始化文本注入器
     impl_->injector = new WaylandTextInjector(this);
     if (!impl_->injector->initialize()) {
@@ -114,9 +114,6 @@ bool VoiceInputService::start() {
 void VoiceInputService::stop() {
     if (!running_) return;
 
-    longPressTimer_->stop();
-    cooldownTimer_->stop();
-
     if (impl_->audioCapture) {
         impl_->audioCapture->stopAndClose();  // 彻底关闭流
     }
@@ -133,13 +130,13 @@ void VoiceInputService::stop() {
 }
 
 void VoiceInputService::onHotkeyActivated() {
-    // Recording 和 Cooldown 状态：屏蔽所有 Activated（防抖核心）
+    // Recording 和 Cooldown 状态：屏蔽所有 Activated（防抖）
     if (state_ == Recording || state_ == Cooldown) {
         LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("忽略 Activated (state=%1)").arg(state_ == Recording ? "Recording" : "Cooldown"));
         return;
     }
 
-    // Idle → 直接进入 Recording，消除 1s 延迟
+    // Idle → 直接进入 Recording
     state_ = Recording;
     recording_ = true;
     audioBuffer_.clear();
@@ -149,21 +146,20 @@ void VoiceInputService::onHotkeyActivated() {
     int bufferSizeMs = configManager_->get("audio.buffer_size_ms").toInt();
     impl_->audioCapture->start(deviceIndex, sampleRate, bufferSizeMs);
 
-    // 延迟统计（现在应该接近 0）
     hotkeyLatencyTimer_.start();
     latencyTracking_ = true;
     qint64 latencyMs = 0;
 
-    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "Idle → Recording (立即开始录音)");
+    LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "→ Recording (开始录音)");
     emit statusChanged("正在录音...");
 
-    // 统计打印
+    // 统计
     totalKeyCount_++;
     totalLatencyMs_ += latencyMs;
     maxLatencyMs_ = std::max(maxLatencyMs_, (double)latencyMs);
     minLatencyMs_ = std::min(minLatencyMs_, (double)latencyMs);
     double avgMs = totalLatencyMs_ / totalKeyCount_;
-    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("⏱ 按键→录音延迟: %1ms (平均: %2ms, 最小: %3ms, 最大: %4ms, 累计: %5次)")
+    LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("⏱ 快捷键→录音延迟: %1ms (平均: %2ms, 最小: %3ms, 最大: %4ms, 累计: %5次)")
         .arg(latencyMs).arg(avgMs, 0, 'f', 0)
         .arg(minLatencyMs_, 0, 'f', 0).arg(maxLatencyMs_, 0, 'f', 0)
         .arg(totalKeyCount_));
@@ -171,14 +167,13 @@ void VoiceInputService::onHotkeyActivated() {
 }
 
 void VoiceInputService::onHotkeyDeactivated() {
-    // Cooldown 状态的 Deactivated → 忽略
+    // Cooldown 状态忽略
     if (state_ == Cooldown) {
         LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "忽略 Deactivated (Cooldown)");
         return;
     }
 
     recording_ = false;
-    longPressTimer_->stop();
 
     // 停止音频采集
     if (impl_->audioCapture && impl_->audioCapture->isRunning()) {
@@ -186,15 +181,20 @@ void VoiceInputService::onHotkeyDeactivated() {
     }
 
     if (state_ == Recording) {
-        // 松开 → 开始识别（CapsLock 灯在识别完成后复位，避免重复）
         state_ = Idle;
-        LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "Recording → Idle (松开转写)");
+        LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "Recording → Idle (停止转写)");
         stopRecordingAndTranscribe();
     }
 
     // 启动冷却期
     state_ = Cooldown;
-    cooldownTimer_->start(releaseCooldownMs_);
+    // 用单次 QTimer 实现冷却
+    QTimer::singleShot(releaseCooldownMs_, this, [this]() {
+        if (state_ == Cooldown) {
+            state_ = Idle;
+            LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "Cooldown → Idle (冷却结束)");
+        }
+    });
     LOG_DEBUG(kTag, QString("→ Cooldown (%1ms)").arg(releaseCooldownMs_));
 }
 
@@ -207,8 +207,6 @@ void VoiceInputService::onAudioData(const std::vector<float>& samples, int sampl
 
 void VoiceInputService::stopRecordingAndTranscribe() {
     if (audioBuffer_.empty()) {
-        // 无音频 → 复位 CapsLock 灯
-        simulateCapsLock();
         emit statusChanged("未检测到音频输入");
         return;
     }
@@ -237,9 +235,6 @@ void VoiceInputService::stopRecordingAndTranscribe() {
 }
 
 void VoiceInputService::onRecognitionComplete(const QString& text) {
-    // 识别完成后，复位 CapsLock 灯
-    simulateCapsLock();
-
     if (text.isEmpty()) {
         emit statusChanged("识别结果：无语音输入");
         return;
@@ -257,25 +252,4 @@ void VoiceInputService::onRecognitionComplete(const QString& text) {
     }
 }
 
-void VoiceInputService::simulateCapsLock() {
-#ifndef PLATFORM_WINDOWS
-    // XTest 模拟的按键会被 D-Bus portal 再次捕获，导致 Activated/Deactivated 信号。
-    // 在模拟期间屏蔽 portal 信号，防止状态机被打断。
-    if (impl_->hotkey) {
-        impl_->hotkey->setIgnoreEvents(true);
-    }
-#endif
-    if (impl_->injector && impl_->injector->isInitialized()) {
-        impl_->injector->simulateKeysym(0xffe5);
-        LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "模拟 CapsLock 按键");
-    } else {
-        LOG_WARNING(kTag, "文本注入器未初始化，无法模拟 CapsLock");
-    }
-#ifndef PLATFORM_WINDOWS
-    if (impl_->hotkey) {
-        impl_->hotkey->setIgnoreEvents(false);
-    }
-#endif
-}
-
 } // namespace impress

src/ui/main_window.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "app/config_manager.h"
 #include "app/application.h"
 #include "utils/logger.h"
+#include "widgets/recording_indicator.h"
 
 #include <QMenuBar>
 #include <QMenu>
@@ -124,6 +125,17 @@ MainWindow::MainWindow(ConfigManager* configManager,
             });
     LOG_INFO(kTag, "VoiceInputService 已创建");
 
+    // 创建录音指示器
+    recordingIndicator_ = new RecordingIndicator(this);
+    connect(voiceInputService_, &VoiceInputService::statusChanged,
+            this, [this](const QString& status) {
+                if (status.contains("正在录音")) {
+                    recordingIndicator_->showAtCursor();
+                } else {
+                    recordingIndicator_->hide();
+                }
+            });
+
     // 监听配置变化，动态启停语音输入服务
     connect(configManager_, &ConfigManager::configChanged,
             this, &MainWindow::onVoiceInputConfigChanged);
@@ -352,7 +364,7 @@ void MainWindow::showUsage() {
 
         "<h3>二、快捷键操作</h3>"
         "<table cellpadding='4' cellspacing='0'>"
-        "<tr><td><b>语音输入</b></td><td>长按 CapsLock 超过 1 秒（可在配置中自定义）</td></tr>"
+        "<tr><td><b>语音输入</b></td><td>Ctrl+Alt+C（切换模式，可在配置中自定义）</td></tr>"
         "<tr><td><b>使用说明</b></td><td>F1</td></tr>"
         "<tr><td><b>重启应用</b></td><td>Ctrl+R</td></tr>"
         "<tr><td><b>退出应用</b></td><td>Ctrl+Q</td></tr>"
@@ -361,12 +373,12 @@ void MainWindow::showUsage() {
         "<h3>三、语音输入使用流程</h3>"
         "<ol>"
         "<li>在<b>配置</b>页面中设置正确的 STT 模型路径并保存。</li>"
-        "<li>设置语音输入快捷键（默认长按 CapsLock）。</li>"
+        "<li>语音输入快捷键默认为 Ctrl+Alt+C（可在配置中自定义）。</li>"
         "<li>将光标定位到需要输入文字的目标应用（如微信、Word、浏览器等）。</li>"
-        "<li>长按快捷键开始说话，说完后松开快捷键。</li>"
+        "<li>按下快捷键开始录音，说完后再次按下快捷键停止录音并自动转写。</li>"
         "<li>识别的文字将通过模拟按键自动输入到目标应用中。</li>"
         "</ol>"
-        "<p><b>CapsLock 工作模式：</b>短按（&lt;1 秒）正常切换大小写锁定；长按（&gt;1 秒）触发语音输入，松开后自动识别并注入文字。</p>"
+        "<p><b>切换模式：</b>第一次按下快捷键开始录音（光标位置显示录音指示器），再次按下停止录音并自动转写。</p>"
 
         "<h3>四、文件转写使用流程</h3>"
         "<ol>"
@@ -412,8 +424,8 @@ void MainWindow::showUsage() {
         "A: 某些应用可能拦截模拟按键输入，请尝试在管理员权限下运行本程序。</p>"
         "<p><b>Q: 识别速度慢？</b><br/>"
         "A: 在配置中增大 ONNX 线程数，或使用 GPU 版本的 ONNX Runtime。</p>"
-        "<p><b>Q: CapsLock 短按不起作用？</b><br/>"
+        "<p><b>Q: 快捷键不生效？</b><br/>"
-        "A: 请确保按键时间小于 1 秒，超过 1 秒会触发语音输入模式。</p>";
+        "A: 检查是否与其他应用快捷键冲突，或在配置中修改为其他组合键。</p>";
 
     // 使用可调整大小、可滚动的 QDialog 替代 QMessageBox
     QDialog* dialog = new QDialog(this);

src/ui/main_window.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class STTTestPage;
 class FileTranscribePage;
 class SettingsPage;
 class VoiceInputService;
+class RecordingIndicator;
 
 /**
  * @brief 主窗口
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ private:
     QMenu* trayMenu_ = nullptr;
     QIcon idleIcon_;   // SP_MediaStop — 就绪/停止
     QIcon activeIcon_; // SP_MediaPlay — 录音/识别
+    RecordingIndicator* recordingIndicator_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace impress

src/ui/widgets/hotkey_recorder.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #include "hotkey_recorder.h"
+#include "utils/logger.h"
 
 #include <QHBoxLayout>
 #include <QKeyEvent>
 #include <QLabel>
 #include <QPushButton>
 
+static const char* const kTag = "HotkeyRecorder";
+
 namespace impress {
 
 HotkeyRecorder::HotkeyRecorder(const QString& label, QWidget* parent)
@@ -19,11 +22,12 @@ HotkeyRecorder::HotkeyRecorder(const QString& label, QWidget* parent)
     btn_ = new QPushButton(this);
     btn_->setMinimumWidth(140);
     btn_->setFocusPolicy(Qt::StrongFocus);
+    btn_->installEventFilter(this);  // 拦截按钮的键盘事件
     connect(btn_, &QPushButton::clicked, this, &HotkeyRecorder::onToggleRecording);
     layout->addWidget(btn_);
     layout->addStretch();
 
-    setHotkeyText("CapsLock");
+    setHotkeyText("Ctrl+Alt+C");
     applyStyle();
 }
 
@@ -44,11 +48,13 @@ void HotkeyRecorder::onToggleRecording() {
     if (recording_) {
         // 取消录制
         recording_ = false;
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "录制模式已取消");
         updateDisplay();
         applyStyle();
     } else {
         // 进入录制模式
         recording_ = true;
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, "进入录制模式，等待按键...");
         updateDisplay();
         applyStyle();
         btn_->setFocus();
@@ -61,15 +67,18 @@ bool HotkeyRecorder::eventFilter(QObject* obj, QEvent* event) {
 
     if (event->type() == QEvent::KeyPress) {
         auto* ke = static_cast<QKeyEvent*>(event);
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("捕获按键: key=%1 modifiers=%2").arg(ke->key()).arg(static_cast<int>(ke->modifiers())));
 
         // 忽略单独的修饰键
         if (ke->key() == Qt::Key_Control || ke->key() == Qt::Key_Alt ||
             ke->key() == Qt::Key_Shift || ke->key() == Qt::Key_Meta) {
+            LOG_DEBUG(kTag, "忽略单独修饰键");
             return true;
         }
 
         // Esc 取消录制
         if (ke->key() == Qt::Key_Escape) {
+            LOG_INFO(kTag, "Esc 取消录制");
             recording_ = false;
             updateDisplay();
             applyStyle();
@@ -94,6 +103,7 @@ bool HotkeyRecorder::eventFilter(QObject* obj, QEvent* event) {
 
         hotkeyText_ = text;
         recording_ = false;
+        LOG_INFO(kTag, QString("快捷键已设置: %1").arg(hotkeyText_));
         updateDisplay();
         applyStyle();
         btn_->releaseKeyboard();